UPSC Economy

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🔆 CALIBRATING INDIA’S INBOUND INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK 🔆 ISSUE: FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) IN INDIA 🟢 India’s investment framework is evolving through Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), domestic regulatory reforms and efforts to improve the ease of doing business . 🟢 According to the article, FDI inflows reached a record $94.8 billion in FY 2025–26 , highlighting India’s growing attractiveness as an investment…

🔆 GLOBAL UNEMPLOYMENT CRISIS: THE LOOMING DEMOGRAPHIC CHALLENGE 📍 The Emerging Crisis 🟢 World Bank President Ajay Banga warns that over the coming decade, around 1.2 billion young men and women in the Global South will reach working age. 🟢 The global economy is projected to generate no more than 400 million viable jobs , creating a potential deficit of around 800 million jobs . 🟢 This could turn the demographic…

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🔆 DIGITAL PAYMENTS & CYBERCRIME: THE TRUST PARADOX 📍 The UPI Paradox 🟢 UPI has become India’s most frequently used online payment method, with 48% of respondents saying they use it “many times” and 30% using it “sometimes”. 🟢 UPI processed over 24,000 crore transactions in FY 2025–26, with transaction values crossing ₹314 lakh crore . 🟢 India has around 70% of its population connected to the internet , creating a…

🔆 RBI RAISES REPO RATE TO 5.5% 📍 Why in News? 🟢 The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the RBI raised the policy repo rate by 25 basis points to 5.5% . 🟢 The MPC shifted its policy stance from neutral to calibrated tightening , signalling that rate cuts are unlikely in the near term. 📍 Other Policy Rates 🟢 Standing Deposit Facility (SDF): 5.25% 🟢 Marginal Standing Facility (MSF): 5.75% 🟢 Bank Rate: 5.75% 📍 Policy…

🔆 UPI & MERCHANT DISCOUNT RATE: WHY CHARGING FOR UPI CHANGES THE MATH 📍 The New Development 🟢 After a decade of growth, UPI has evolved from a digital-payment experiment into critical economic infrastructure . 🟢 The NPCI will operationalise a 0.4% Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) on specified merchant transactions above ₹2,000 from October 15 . 🟢 Consumers will not be charged directly , but the move marks a departure…

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🔆 Coal Stock Management in India’s Thermal Power Sector 📍 Why in News? 🟢 India’s thermal power sector is facing a coal stock management dilemma . Plants maintaining adequate inventories may be disadvantaged when limited domestic coal is redirected to plants falling below prescribed stock norms. 📍 Why is Coal Stock Important? 🟢 Adequate coal inventories are essential for fuel security, uninterrupted generation and…